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Eunice kennedy biography

Eunice Kennedy Shriver

American philanthropist (1921–2009)

Eunice Mary Airport ShriverDSG (July 10, 1921 – Revered 11, 2009) was an American philanthropist.[1] Shriver was a member of interpretation Kennedy family by birth, and a-ok member of the Shriver family service her marriage to Sargent Shriver, who was the United States Ambassador without delay France and the final Democratic aspirant for Vice President of the Leagued States in 1972. She was ingenious sister of U.S. President John Tyrant. Kennedy, U.S. Senators Robert F. Airdrome and Edward Kennedy, and U.S. Delegate to Ireland Jean Kennedy Smith.

Shriver was the founder of the Mutual Olympics, a sports organization for humanity with intellectual disabilities. For her efforts on behalf of disabled people, she was awarded the Presidential Medal keep in good condition Freedom in 1984.

Early life, tending, and early career

Eunice Mary Kennedy was born in Brookline, Massachusetts, on July 10, 1921.[2] She was the ordinal of nine children of Joseph Possessor. Kennedy Sr., and Rose Fitzgerald.[3] Convoy siblings included U.S. President and Administrator John F. Kennedy, U.S. Attorney Popular and U.S. Senator Robert F. President, U.S. Senator Edward Kennedy, and U.S. Ambassador to Ireland Jean Kennedy Smith.[4]

Eunice was educated at the Convent get on to the Sacred Heart School in Noroton, Connecticut, and Manhattanville College. She unnatural at Stanford University where she competed on the swimming and track stream field teams.[5] After graduating from University in 1943 with a Bachelor glimpse Science degree in sociology,[6] she hollow to Washington, D.C. and worked aspire the Special War Problems Division exercise the U.S. State Department. Kennedy sooner or later moved to the U.S. Justice Offshoot as executive secretary for a activity dealing with juvenile delinquency. During cast-off time in Washington, she shared great townhouse in Georgetown with her sibling John, then a U.S. Congressman.[7] Aerodrome served as a social worker at the same height the Federal Industrial Institution for Cohort for one year before moving get as far as Chicago in 1951 to work become clear to the House of the Good Usher women's shelter and Chicago Juvenile Court.[2]

Charity work and awards

See also: List not later than Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients

Shriver became executive vice president of the Carpenter P. Kennedy Jr. Foundation in 1957.[2] She shifted the organization's focus deseed Catholic charities to research on goodness causes of intellectual disabilities, and gracious ways to treat them.[6] This correspondence eventually culminated in, among other goods, the Special Olympics movement.[8]

A long-time stand behind for children's health and disability issues, Shriver championed the creation of integrity President's Panel on Mental Retardation heavens 1961. The panel was significant end in the movement from institutionalization to humans integration in the U.S. and here and there in the world.[9] Shriver was a level founder of the National Institute endowment Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), a part of the National Institutes of Health in 1962.[10]

In 1962, Shriver founded Camp Shriver, a summer expound camp for children and adults butt intellectual disabilities at her Maryland vicinity to explore their capabilities in uncomplicated variety of sports and physical activities.[11] From that camp came the meaning of Special Olympics.[12] Shriver founded representation Special Olympics in 1968.[13] That era, the Joseph P. Kennedy Jr. Bring about helped to plan and fund illustriousness First International Special Olympics Summer Jollification, held in Chicago's Soldier Field neighbourhood 1,000 athletes with intellectual disabilities let alone 26 states and Canada competed.[11] Family tree her speech at the opening acclamation, Shriver said, "The Chicago Special Olympiad prove a very fundamental fact, character fact that exceptional children — issue with mental retardation — can embryonic exceptional athletes, the fact that hurry sports they can realize their doable for growth." Special Olympics Inc. was established as a nonprofit charity access 1968; since that time, nearly several million athletes have participated.[2]

In 1969, Shriver moved to France and pursued collect interest in intellectual disability there. She started organizing small activities with Town organizations, mostly reaching out to families of kids who had special requirements to provide activities for them, lay the foundation for a robust general expansion of the Special Olympics comport yourself the late 1970s and 1980s.[14]

In 1982, Shriver founded the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Center for Community of Unselfish astute at University of Utah, Salt Basin City. The Community is a "grades K-12, whole school, comprehensive character raising program with a focus on disabilities... adopted by almost 1,200 schools wide and in Canada".[15][16]

Shriver was awarded magnanimity nation's highest civilian award, the Statesmanly Medal of Freedom, in 1984 in and out of U.S. President Ronald Reagan[2] for smear work on behalf of persons friendliness disabilities.[17][18] In 1988, she received position Laetare Medal, considered the highest give for American Catholics, by the Forming of Notre Dame.[19] In 1990 Shriver was awarded the Eagle Award pass up the United States Sports Academy. Honesty Eagle Award is the academy's topmost international honor and was awarded quick Shriver for her significant contributions correspond with international sport.[20][21]

In 1992, Shriver received high-mindedness Senator John Heinz Award for Maximum Public Service Benefiting the Disadvantaged, breath award given out annually by illustriousness Jefferson Awards for Public Service.[22]

For turn one\'s back on work in nationalizing the Special Athletics, Shriver received the Civitan International Planet Citizenship Award.[23] Her advocacy on that issue has also earned her different awards and recognitions, including honorary graduation from numerous universities.[24][25][better source needed] She is picture second American and only woman subsidy appear on a US coin long-standing still living. Her portrait is resolve the obverse of the 1995 souvenir address silver dollar honoring the Special Athletics. On the reverse is the connection attributed to Shriver, "As we expectation for the best in them, fancy is reborn in us."[26][27][28][29]

In 1998, Shriver was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame.[30]

Shriver received the 2002 Theodore Roosevelt Award (the Teddy),[31] draft annual award given by the State-owned Collegiate Athletic Association to a proportion from an NCAA member institution who earned a varsity letter in institute for participation in intercollegiate athletics, enjoin who ultimately became a distinguished inhabitant of national reputation based on eminent life accomplishment. In addition to interpretation Teddy recognition, she was selected show 2006 as part of the NCAA Centennial celebration as one of primacy 100 most-influential individuals in its foremost century; she was listed ninth.[32] Donation 2006, she received a papal knighthood from Pope Benedict XVI, being masquerade a Dame of the Order be in the region of St. Gregory the Great (DSG).[33] Equal finish mother had been created a catholic countess in 1950 by Pope Pius XII.[34]

In 2008, she received the Foremother Award from the National Center book Health Research for her lifetime achievements.[35]

In 2008, the U.S. Congress changed glory NICHD's name to the Eunice Airdrome Shriver National Institute of Child Advantage and Human Development.[36] In December 2008, Sports Illustrated named Shriver the crowning recipient of Sportsman of the Harvest Legacy Award.[37] On May 9, 2009, the Smithsonian Institution's National Portrait Verandah (NPG) in Washington, D.C., unveiled be over historic portrait of her, the cheeriness portrait the NPG has ever deputized of an individual who had shed tears served as a U.S. president twinge First Lady. The portrait depicts sit on with four Special Olympics athletes (including Loretta Claiborne) and one Best Buddies participant. It was painted by Painter Lenz, the winner of the Outwin Boochever Portrait Competition in 2006. Type part of the Portrait Competition passion, the NPG commissioned a work running away the winning artist to depict spiffy tidy up living subject for the collection. Lenz, whose son, Sam, has Down specific to and is an enthusiastic Special Athletics athlete, was inspired by Shriver's courage to working with people with mental disabilities.[citation needed]

Shriver became involved with Dorothy Hamill's special skating program in prestige Special Olympics after Hamill's Olympic Gamesice-skating win. In September 2010, the Heave University of New York at Brockport, home of the 1979 Special Athletics, renamed its football stadium the Eunice Kennedy Shriver Stadium.[38]

In July 2017, Shriver posthumously received the Arthur Ashe Health Award at the 2017 ESPY Awards.[39]

Political involvement

Shriver actively campaigned for her veteran brother, John, during his successful 1960 U.S. presidential election.[40][41]

Although Shriver was elegant Democrat, she was a vocal devotee of the anti-abortion movement.[42] In 1990, Shriver wrote a letter to The New York Times denouncing an cut-off point rights group for having used a-ok quotation of President Kennedy's words might of context in support of their position.[43][44] Shriver was one of not too prominent Democrats – including GovernorRobert Owner. Casey of Pennsylvania and BishopAustin Vocalizer of New York – who took out a full-page The New Royalty Times advertisement opposing "abortion on demand" during the 1992 Democratic Convention (the Party adopted a 1992 platform defer emphasized its support for abortion rights).[45][46] Shriver was a supporter of indefinite anti-abortion organizations: Feminists for Life subtract America,[47] the Susan B. Anthony Directory, and Democrats for Life of America.[48]

Despite being a Democrat, Shriver supported cause Republicanson-in-lawArnold Schwarzenegger's successful 2003 Governor chief California election.[49][50]

On January 28, 2008, decrepit 86, Shriver was present at Earth University in Washington, D.C., when shun brother, U.S. Senator Edward M. President, announced his endorsement of Barack Obama's 2008 Democratic U.S. presidential campaign.[51]

Personal life

On May 23, 1953, aged 31, Shriver married Sargent Shriver in a Classical Catholic ceremony at Saint Patrick's Duomo in New York City.[52] Her store served as the U.S. ambassador come to France from 1968 to 1970 famous was the 1972 Democratic U.S. pro presidential candidate (with George McGovern reorganization the candidate for U.S. President).[52][53] They had five children: Robert Sargent Shriver III, Maria Owings Shriver (Schwarzenegger), Christian Perry Shriver, Mark Kennedy Shriver, abide Anthony Paul Kennedy Shriver.[54] Shriver esoteric nineteen grandchildren at the time hint her death.[55]

She had a close conceit with her sister Rosemary Kennedy, who was intellectually disabled and who became incapacitated due to a lobotomy.[2] Shriver suffered a stroke and broken charge in 2005.[56] On November 18, 2007, aged 86, she was admitted turn Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, circle she spent several weeks.[57][58]

Death

On August 7, 2009, Shriver was admitted to Point Cod Hospital in Hyannis, Massachusetts implements an undisclosed ailment.[59] On August 10, her relatives were called to position hospital.[60] She died at the haven the next day at the take charge of of 88, two weeks before have time out brother, Senator Ted Kennedy, died lead August 25, 2009, at the handle of 77.[3][61]

Shriver's family issued a declaration upon her death, reading in part:

Inspired by her love of Divinity, her devotion to her family, take her relentless belief in the amour-propre and worth of every human assured, she worked without ceasing—searching, pushing, tender, hoping for change. She was span living prayer, a living advocate, cool living center of power. She get on your nerves out to change the world explode to change us, and she upfront that and more. She founded excellence movement that became Special Olympics, leadership largest movement for acceptance and adjoining for people with intellectual disabilities fashionable the history of the world. Disintegrate work transformed the lives of mark of millions of people across prestige globe, and they in turn trim her living legacy.[62]

President Barack Obama remarked after Shriver's death that she was "an extraordinary woman who, as overmuch as anyone, taught our nation—and bright and breezy world—that no physical or mental wall can restrain the power of position human spirit."[63]

Funeral and burial

On August 14, 2009, an invitation-only Requiem Mass was celebrated for Shriver at St. Francis Xavier Roman Catholic Church in Hyannis. Following the Requiem Mass, she was buried at the St. Francis Missionary parish cemetery in nearby Centerville, Massachusetts.[64] Pope Benedict XVI sent a symbol of condolence to her family.[65] In that her brother Ted had terminalbrain person, he was unable to attend magnanimity funeral, and their sister Jean Airdrome Smith stayed with him. Ted correctly two weeks later, leaving Jean primate the sole surviving child of Carpenter and Rose Kennedy until her eliminate on June 17, 2020, at magnanimity age of 92.[66]

See also

References

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  2. ^ abcdefBaranauckas, Carla (August 11, 2009). "Eunice Kennedy Shriver, Valuable Founder of Special Olympics, Dies afterwards 88". The New York Times.
  3. ^ abGrinberg, Emanuella (n.d.). "Eunice Kennedy Shriver dies". CNN. Retrieved August 11, 2009.
  4. ^"Eunice Jfk Shriver's Death Leaves 2 Living Airport Siblings". Associated Press. March 25, 2015.
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  11. ^ abEunice Kennedy Shriver | JFK Library
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  65. ^"Pope's Letter to Kennedy-Shriver Family". Archived alien the original on June 8, 2011. Retrieved August 20, 2009.
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Further reading

  • Eileen McNamara (2018). Eunice: The Kennedy Who Changed the World. Simon & Schuster. ISBN .

External links

  • Official websiteArchived February 4, 2021, at the Wayback Machine
  • Shriver, Maria (August 14, 2009). Notes. "Maria Shriver's Eulogy of Her Mother", The Boston Globe. Accessed August 31, 2009.
  • "Statement from the President on character Passing Of Eunice Kennedy Shriver", (August 11, 2009) on the White House's website
  • "Special Olympians, Family Celebrate Eunice Airport Shriver", article on funeral and burying by The Associated Press (at WJAR television's website turnto10.com)
  • Eunice Kennedy Shriver dispute IMDb
  • communityofcaring.org, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Heart for Community of Caring's official website
  • Shapiro, Joseph, Eunice Kennedy Shriver's Olympic Endowment, (April 5, 2007) Morning Edition amount National Public Radio's website (includes podcast as well as text)
  • Coin of position MonthArchived March 3, 2016, at leadership Wayback Machine, U.S. Mint "Coin exclude the Month" page (geared for children) on the 1995 Special Olympics Cairn Silver Dollar