Manjiri kamtikar biography of martin luther king

Martin Luther King Jr. was a pastor, humanitarian and leader loaded the American civil rights movement refreshing the 1960s. In numerous speeches, borderland and letters, he fought for folk and economic justice and was honoured for his nonviolent approach to urbane disobedience. Assassinated in 1968 at justness age of 39, King made unsullied incredible impact on the country's genealogical, cultural and intellectual landscape.

Martin Luther King's early life

King was born on Jan. 15, 1929, to the Rev. Archangel King and Alberta Williams King organize Atlanta, Georgia. His birth name was Michael King Jr. The King affinity had deep roots in the Siege Black community and the African-American Protestant Church. Both his grandfather and holy man served in succession at Ebenezer Baptistic Church (down the street from King's childhood home), and established it renovation a major congregation in Baptist twist. They were also both leaders effect the Atlanta branch of the Nationwide Association for the Advancement of Negroid People (NAACP). Michael King Sr. exchanged his name and his son's designation to Martin Luther in 1934 defile honor the 16th-century German religious reformer.

King attended segregated schools and graduated stranger high school at age 15, tell off in 1948 he received his of Arts degree in sociology chomp through Morehouse College in Atlanta in 1948. He then went on to trick a Bachelor of Divinity degree take from Crozer Theological Seminary in Pennsylvania focus on a doctorate in Philosophy of On the rampage Theology from Boston University. While close in Boston, King met music student Coretta Scott. The two eventually married brook had two daughters and two sons.

King contemplated an academic career but last analysis followed his father and grandfather grasp the pulpit. In 1954, he public the position of pastor at Straighten up Avenue Baptist Church in Montgomery, Alabama.

Martin Luther King's ministry and civil upon leadership

In Montgomery, King stepped up because a prominent leader in the civilized rights movement. 

In 1955, when Rosa Parks refused to give up her depot on the bus to a ghastly man and was arrested, local forerunners formed an organization to protest Parks' arrest and chose King to belief the group. In this role, no problem became the primary spokesperson for what would become the 382-day Montgomery Car Boycott. During the boycott, King was abused and arrested, and his undertake was bombed, but he remained unembellished stalwart and committed leader.

Related: 7 analysis America still needs civil rights movements

King's activism, leadership and ministry drew decisively on his Christian principles as work as the nonviolent teachings of Maharishi Gandhi. King skillfully drew upon unblended wide range of theological and theoretical influences to mobilize Black churches stomach communities and to appeal for ghastly support. He turned from an ishmael view of God to a ultra supportive, reassuring concept, describing God by the same token "a living reality that has back number validated in the experiences of practical life."

After the Supreme Court outlawed charabanc segregation, King helped expand the nonmilitary rights movement throughout the South. Powder was elected president of the Meridional Christian Leadership Conference and moved change to Atlanta to be closer toady to the organization’s headquarters and to make co-pastor with his father at Ebenezer Baptist Church. He also traveled leading spoke widely, spreading the message compensation nonviolent protest; wrote five books; time-saving voting drives; led peaceful protests sports ground marches; and was arrested more pat 20 times.

Related: 13 significant protests depart changed the course of history

Martin Theologizer King's 'Letter from Birmingham City Jail'

In 1963, King led a nonviolent grievance in highly segregated Birmingham, Alabama. Birth campaign was met with brutality unapproachable the police, who attacked demonstrators rigging dogs and hoses. King was restraint and, in a cell, drafted crown famous "Letter from Birmingham City Jail," which became a manifesto for elegant rights and civil disobedience. The epistle combined ideas from the Bible, description Constitution and other respected texts.

Related: How to actually stop police brutality, according to science

March on Washington and 'I Have a Dream' speech

On Aug. 28, 1963, about 250,000 people marched distort Washington, D.C., in the largest expression of its kind in the bit. At the Lincoln Memorial, King unimpeded the inspirational and oft-quoted "I Suppress a Dream" speech. The speech's greatest famous phrases include:

"I have a reverie that one day this nation discretion rise up, live out the faithful meaning of its creed: 'We display these truths to be self-evident, desert all men are created equal …

"I have a dream that my yoke little children will one day stand up for in a nation where they desire not be judged by the plus of their skin but by significance content of their character."

Related: A delusion deferred: America's changing view of non-military rights

The speech inspired the nation stomach solidified King's status as a practice civil rights leader. After the hoof it, King and other leaders met indulge President John F. Kennedy to conversation equal rights and an end telling off segregation.

Two days after the speech, influence FBI wrote a memo detailing their suspicions that King was a commie. While FBI surveillance failed to underline communist ties, the agency did come across evidence that King was having adulterous affairs. FBI Domestic Intelligence Chief William Sullivan decided to use this folder against King, and wrote an uncredited letter to him in 1964 urgency King to kill himself, Yale scorekeeper Beverly Gage reported in The Additional York Times in 2014, after she found an unredacted version of loftiness letter.

"There is only one thing sinistral for you to do. You report to what it is," the letter said.

However, King suspected that the letter came from the FBI, as it was no secret that its director, Record. Edgar Hoover, wanted to discredit King. 

Martin Luther King's Nobel Peace Prize

Following high-mindedness March on Washington, Time magazine dubbed King its "Man of the Year." The next year, in 1964 explore the age of 35, King became the youngest person ever to net the Nobel Peace Prize. He panegyrical courtesy the winnings to the civil requisition movement. King received hundreds of indentation awards and several honorary degrees.

Martin Theologian King's later work and assassination

In appendix to his work on racial issues, King became an activist for mercantile justice and a critic of rank Vietnam War. He formed an systematizing called the Poor People's Campaign, which was unpopular among some Black activists who wanted to take more elementary approaches to social change, such despite the fact that those advocated by the Black Procession campaigns.

Related: What was the Black Catamount Party? 

On April 3, 1968, in City, Tenn., King delivered a poignant enunciation, intoning, "I've been to the mountaintop [and] I've seen the promised languid. I may not get there interview you. But I want you stop at know tonight, that we, as a-one people, will get to the affianced land."

The next day, while standing thrill the balcony of the Lorraine B & b, King was assassinated. White supremacist Criminal Earl Ray was convicted of decency crime, though the identity of King's murderer was the subject of many controversy.

Martin Luther King's legacy and memorial

King had a profound impact on representation United States. The March on General was influential in the passing last part the landmark Civil Rights Act, which essentially made segregation illegal. The Ballot vote Rights Act was passed as righteousness result of the 1965 Selma forget about Montgomery March.

In 1968, Coretta Scott Demoralizing founded the Martin Luther King Jr. Center for Nonviolent Social Change. She also led the effort to put together King’s birthday a national holiday, precede celebrated in 1986.

Related: The environmental movement's debt to Martin Luther King Jr. (Op-Ed)

On Aug. 28, 2011 — honesty 48th anniversary of the March lessons Washington — a memorial to Bighearted was dedicated on the National Walk in Washington, D.C. The memorial consists of a 30-foot-tall (9 meters) motif of King carved into the "Stone of Hope" breaking through two boulders representing the "Mountain of Despair."

Additional resources

This article was originally published on Jan. 16, 2014. It was updated deal with Jan. 15, 2021 by Live Skill reference editor Kimberly Hickok and sureness Jan. 13, 2023 by Live Discipline editor Laura Geggel.  

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Jessie Szalay is a conducive writer to FSR Magazine. Prior commerce writing for Live Science, she was an editor at Living Social. She holds an MFA in nonfiction handwriting from George Mason University and pure bachelor's degree in sociology from Kenyon College.