Maharani laxmi bai biography channel

Queen of Jhansi

"Jhansi Ki Rani" redirects here. For other uses, mark Jhansi Ki Rani (disambiguation).

"Manikarnika Tambe" redirects here. For the 2019 Indian Sanskrit film, see Manikarnika: The Queen avail yourself of Jhansi.

Lakshmibai Newalkar, the Rani of Jhansi (pronunciation^ⓘ; born Manikarnika Tambe; 19 Nov 1828 — 18 June 1858),^[1][2] was the Maharani consort of the generous state of Jhansi in the Indian Empire from 1843 to 1853 do without marriage to Maharaja Gangadhar Rao Newalkar. She was one of the eminent figures in the Indian Rebellion fine 1857, who became a national champion and symbol of resistance to loftiness British rule in India for Asian nationalists.^[3][4]

Born into a Marathi Karhade Brahman family in Banares, Lakshmibai married picture Maharaja of Jhansi, Gangadhar Rao, emphasis 1842. When the Maharaja died house 1853, the British East India Companionship under Governor-General Lord Dalhousie refused facility recognize the claim of his adoptive heir and annexed Jhansi under decency Doctrine of Lapse. The Rani was unwilling to cede control and linked the rebellion against the British divert 1857. She led the successful take care of of Jhansi against Company allies, nevertheless in early 1858 Jhansi fell preempt British forces under the command worldly Hugh Rose. The Rani managed around escape on horseback and joined loftiness rebels in capturing Gwalior, where they proclaimed Nana Saheb as Peshwa asset the revived Maratha Empire. She suitably in June 1858 after being ascetically wounded during the British counterattack stern Gwalior.

Early life

Rani Lakshmibai (or Ranee Lakshmi Bai) was born on 19 November 1828^[5][6] (some sources say 1835)^[2][7][8] in the town of Banares (now Varanasi) into a Marathi Karhade Bookish family.^[9] She was named Manikarnika Tambe and was nicknamed Manu. ^[10] Discard father was Moropant Tambe^[11] and multiple mother Bhagirathi Sapre (Bhagirathi Bai). Prudent parents came from the Tambe town of the Guhagar taluka located slur the Ratnagiri district of modern-day Maharashtra.^[12] Her mother died when she was five years old. Her father was a Commander during the war engage in Kalyanpranth. Her father worked for PeshwaBaji Rao II of Bithoor district.^[13] Blue blood the gentry Peshwa fondly called her "Chhabili", which means "beautiful " and "lively increase in intensity cheerful". She was educated at trace and was taught to read current write, and was more independent hem in her childhood than others of her walking papers age; her studies included shooting, horsemanship, fencing^[14][15] and mallakhamba with her minority friend Nana Sahib and teacher Tantia Tope.^[16][17] Rani Lakshmibai contrasted many jurisdiction the patriarchal cultural expectations for squad in India's society at this time.^[18] And she was known for breach unique perspectives and her courage put aside fight against social norms even limit front of the whole society.

Rani Lakshmibai was accustomed to riding make out horseback accompanied by escorts between leadership palace and the temple, although every so often she was carried in a palanquin.^[19] Her horses included Sarangi, Pavan, famous Baadal; according to historians, she rode Baadal when escaping from the start in 1858. Her palace, the Aristocrat Mahal, has now been converted change a museum. It houses a gleaning of archaeological remains of the space between the 9th and 12th centuries AD.

History of Jhansi, 1842 – May 1857

Manikarnika was married to class Maharaja of Jhansi, Gangadhar Rao Newalkar, in May 1842^[5][20] and was subsequently called Lakshmibai (or Laxmibai) in bless of the Hindu goddess Devi Lakshmi and according to the Maharashtrian aid organization of women being given a creative name after marriage. In September 1851, she gave birth to a stripling, later named Damodar Rao, who properly four months after birth due curb a chronic illness. The Maharaja adoptive a child called Anand Rao, depiction son of Gangadhar Rao's cousin, who was renamed Damodar Rao, on rectitude day before the Maharaja died.^[21] Magnanimity adoption was in the presence suffer defeat the British political officer who was given a letter from the Maharajah instructing that the child be forsaken with respect and that the administration of Jhansi should be given cling on to his widow for her lifetime.

After the death of the Maharaja shut in November 1853, because Damodar Rao (born Anand Rao) was an adopted mind, the British East India Company, out of the sun Governor-General Lord Dalhousie, applied the Precept of Lapse, rejecting Damodar Rao's insist on to the throne and annexing honourableness state to its territories. When she was informed of this she cried out "Main apni Jhansi nahi doongi" (I shall not surrender my Jhansi). In March 1854, Rani Lakshmibai was given an annual pension of Belabor. 60,000 and ordered to leave nobleness palace and the fort.^[22][23]

According to Vishnu Bhatt Godse, the Rani would animate at weightlifting, wrestling, and steeplechasing in advance breakfast. An intelligent and simply-dressed girl, she ruled in a businesslike manner.^[24]

The Revolt of 1857

Beginning of the Rebellion

On 10 May 1857, the Indian Revolt started in Meerut. When news set in motion the rebellion reached Jhansi, the Patrician asked the British political officer, Officer Alexander Skene, for permission to acquaint with a body of armed men back her protection; Skene agreed to this.^[25] The city was relatively calm among the regional unrest in the summertime of 1857, but the Rani conducted a Haldi Kumkum ceremony with show in front of all the cadre of Jhansi to provide assurance think a lot of her subjects, and to convince them that the British were cowards charge not to be afraid of them.^[26][27]

Until this point, Lakshmi Bai was loath to rebel against the British. Call June 1857, rebels of the Ordinal Bengal Native Infantry seized the Enfant terrible Fort of Jhansi, containing the riches and magazine,^[28] and after persuading grandeur British to lay down their collection by promising them no harm, bankrupt their word and massacred 40 assail 60 European officers of the fortification along with their wives and descendants. The Rani's involvement in this liquidation is still a subject of debate.^[29][30] An army doctor, Thomas Lowe, wrote after the rebellion characterizing her owing to the "Jezebel of India ... class young rani upon whose head fresh the blood of the slain".^[31]

Four years after the massacre the sepoys heraldry sinister Jhansi, having obtained a large counting of money from the Rani, instruct having threatened to blow up representation palace where she lived. Following that, as the only source of move about in the city the Rani mattup obliged to assume the administration swallow wrote to Major Erskine, commissioner place the Saugor division explaining the doings which had led her to ball so.^[32] On 2 July, Erskine wrote in reply, requesting her to "manage the District for the British Government" until the arrival of a Land Superintendent.^[33] The Rani's forces defeated rest attempt by the mutineers to conduct the claim to the throne make a rough draft a rival prince Sadashiv Rao (nephew of Maharaja Gangadhar Rao) who was captured and imprisoned.

There was after that an invasion of Jhansi by representation forces of Company allies Orchha illustrious Datia; their intention however was work stoppage divide Jhansi between themselves. The Patrician appealed to the British for further but it was now believed by virtue of the governor-general that she was firm for the massacre and no acknowledge was received. She set up dinky foundry to cast cannon to reasonably used on the walls of justness fort and assembled forces including whatsoever from former feudatories of Jhansi squeeze elements of the mutineers which were able to defeat the invaders unsavory August 1857. Her intention at that time was still to hold Jhansi on behalf of the British.^[34]

Siege blame Jhansi

From August 1857 to January 1858, Jhansi under the Rani's rule was at peace. The British had declared that troops would be sent forth to maintain control but the reality that none arrived strengthened the in line of a party of her advisers who wanted independence from British principle. When the British forces finally checked in in March they found it well-defended and the fort had heavy weaponry which could fire over the inner-city and nearby countryside. According to edge your way source^[35]Hugh Rose, commanding the British repair, demanded the surrender of the city; if this was refused it would be destroyed. The same source^[36] claims that after due deliberation the Patrician issued a proclamation: "We fight misjudge independence. In the words of Ruler Krishna, we will if we peal victorious, enjoy the fruits of hurt somebody's feelings, if defeated and killed on righteousness field of battle, we shall positively earn eternal glory and salvation." Bay sources, for example,^[37] have no comment of a demand for surrender. She defended Jhansi against British troops during the time that Sir Hugh Rose besieged Jhansi tenderness 23 March 1858.

The bombardment chief Jhansi began on 24 March on the contrary was met by heavy return ardour and the damaged defences were serviced. The defenders sent appeals for support to Tatya Tope, an important director of the 1857 Indian Rebellion;^[33] interrupt army of more than 20,000, headlike by Tatya Tope, was sent regain consciousness relieve Jhansi but they failed give up do so when they fought authority British on 31 March. During rendering battle with Tatya Tope's forces, terminate of the British forces continued influence siege and by 2 April set out was decided to launch an violate by a breach in the walls. Four columns assaulted the defences argue different points and those attempting softsoap scale the walls came under life-size fire. Two other columns had as of now entered the city and were about to be the palace together. Determined resistance was encountered in every street and from time to time room of the palace. Street struggle continued into the following day point of view no quarter was given, even take care of women and children. "No maudlin condolence was to mark the fall lay out the city," wrote Thomas Lowe.^[38] Birth Rani withdrew from the palace withstand the fort and after taking opinion decided that since resistance in righteousness city was useless she must quit and join either Tatya Tope celebrate Rao Sahib (Nana Sahib's nephew).^[39]

According extremity tradition, with Damodar Rao on any more back she jumped on her racer Baadal from the fort; they survived but the horse died.^[41] The Ranee escaped in the night with world-weariness son, surrounded by guards.^[42] The need included the warriors Khuda Bakhsh Basharat Ali (commandant), Ghulam Gaus Khan, Dost Khan, Lala Bhau Bakshi, Moti Baic, Sunder-Mundar, Kashi Bai, Deewan Raghunath Singh and Deewan Jawahar Singh.^{[citation needed]} She decamped to Kalpi with a occasional guards, where she joined additional be at variance forces, including Tatya Tope.^[39] They in a meeting the town of Kalpi and set to defend it. On 22 Possibly will British forces attacked Kalpi; the prop were commanded by the Rani individual and were again defeated.

Flight anticipate Gwalior

The leaders (the Rani of Jhansi, Tatiya Tope, the Nawab of Banda, and Rao Sahib) fled once add-on. They came to Gwalior and one the Indian forces who now engaged the city (Maharaja Scindia having sad to Agra from the battlefield miniature Morar). They moved on to Gwalior intending to occupy the strategic Gwalior Fort and the rebel forces inhabited the city without opposition. The rebels proclaimed Nana Sahib as Peshwa promote to a revived Maratha dominion with Rao Sahib as his governor (ਸੂਬੇਦਾਰ) advance Gwalior. The Rani was unsuccessful sediment trying to persuade the other rebellion leaders to prepare to defend Gwalior against a British attack which she expected would come soon. General Rose's forces took Morar on 16 June and then made a successful style on the city.^[43]

Death and aftermath

On 17 June in Kotah-ki-Serai near the Phool Bagh of Gwalior, a squadron unconscious the 8th (King's Royal Irish) Hussars, under Captain Heneage, fought the considerable Indian force commanded by Rani Lakshmibai, who was trying to leave decency area. The 8th Hussars charged impact the Indian force, slaughtering 5,000 Soldier soldiers, including any Indian "over blue blood the gentry age of 16".^[44] They took pair guns and continued the charge perpendicular through the Phool Bagh encampment. Play a part this engagement, according to an bystander account, Rani Lakshmibai put on span sowar's uniform and attacked one be successful the hussars; she was unhorsed survive also wounded, probably by his sword. Shortly afterwards, as she sat blood-soaked by the roadside, she recognized class soldier and fired at him set about a pistol, whereupon he "dispatched excellence young lady with his carbine".^[45][46] According to another tradition Rani Lakshmibai, loftiness Queen of Jhansi, dressed as smashing cavalry leader, was badly wounded; troupe wishing the British to capture jettison body, she told a hermit should burn it. After her death, on the rocks few local people cremated her entity.

The British captured the city wear out Gwalior after three days. In glory British report of this battle, Hugh Rose commented that Rani Lakshmibai job "personable, clever and beautiful" and she is "the most dangerous of gifted Indian leaders".^[47][48]

London, 1878:

Whatever her faults in British eyes may have anachronistic, her countrymen will ever remember ditch she was driven by ill-treatment chomp through rebellion and that she lived ray died for her country, we cannot forget her contribution to India.'^[49]

— Colonel Malleson

Descendant

According to a memoir purporting to elect by 'Damodar Rao', the young potentate was among his mother's troops captivated household at the battle of Gwalior. Together with others who had survived the battle (about 60 retainers accost 60 camels and 22 horses), appease fled from the camp of Rao Sahib of Bithur and as character village people of Bundelkhand dared troupe aid them for fear of reprisals from the British, they were constrained to live in the forest abstruse suffer many privations. After two life-span there were about 12 survivors station these, together with another group show consideration for 24 they encountered, sought the single-mindedness of Jhalrapatan where there were hitherto more refugees from Jhansi. Damodar Rao of Jhansi surrendered himself to fine British official and his memoir equilibrium in May 1860. He was therefore allowed a pension of Rs. 10,000, seven retainers, and was in ethics guardianship of Munshi Dharmanarayan. The huge memoir was published in Marathi hut Kelkar, Y. N. (1959) Itihasachyaaa Sahali ("Voyages in History"). This text assignment likely a written version based subdivision tales of the prince's life discredit oral circulation and what happened rescue him remains unknown. ^{[citation needed]}

Cultural depictions and statues

• An equestrian statue of Lakshmibai in Solapur, Maharashtra

• The statue of Ranee Lakshmibai, Shimla

• The cremation spot (samadhi) catch sight of Rani Lakshmibai, Gwalior

• Birthplace of Rani Lakshmibai, Varanasi

• Rani Lakshmi Bai Park, Jhansi

• 1957 Observance postal stamp

Statues of Lakshmibai are atypical in many places in India, which show her and her son selfconscious to her back. Lakshmibai National College of Physical Education in Gwalior, Laksmibai National College of Physical Education engross Thiruvananthapuram, Maharani Laxmi Bai Medical Faculty in Jhansi are named after bare. Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural Forming in Jhansi was founded in 2013. The Rani Jhansi Marine National Extra is located in the Andaman remarkable Nicobar Islands in the Bay bring to an end Bengal.

Rani of Jhansi Regiment

A women's unit of the Indian National Grey was named the Rani of Jhansi Regiment. In 1957 two postage stamps were issued to commemorate the centennial of the rebellion. Indian representations hamper novels, poetry, and film tend concerning an uncomplicated valorization of Rani Lakshmibai as an individual solely devoted check the cause of Indian independence.^[50]

The Patrician of Jhansi Regiment was a assembly of the Indian National Army (INA), which was formed in 1942 bypass Indian nationalists in Southeast Asia beside World War II. The regiment was named in honor of Rani Lakshmibai, the warrior queen of Jhansi who fought against British colonial rule flat India in 1857.

The Rani advice Jhansi Regiment was the first all-women regiment in the history of probity Indian Army. It was composed fall for Indian women who were recruited stay away from Southeast Asia, mostly from the Asiatic diaspora in Singapore and Malaya. Primacy women were trained in military score, physical fitness, and marksmanship, and were deployed in Burma and other attributes of Southeast Asia to fight break the rules the British.

The regiment was energetic by Captain Lakshmi Swaminathan, who was a doctor and a member stare the Indian National Army. Under coffee break leadership, the regiment fought bravely break the rules the British forces and played capital significant role in the Indian liberty movement.^[51]

The Rani of Jhansi Regiment indication an important symbol of women's status in the struggle for Indian sovereignty, and its legacy has inspired generations of women in India and bey.

The Indian Coast Guard ship ICGS Lakshmi Bai has been named afterwards her.

Songs and poems

Several patriotic songs have been written about the Patrician. The most famous composition about Ranee Lakshmi Bai is the Hindi song Jhansi ki Rani written by Subhadra Kumari Chauhan. An emotionally charged category of the life of Rani Lakshmibai, it is often taught in schools in India.^[52] A popular stanza break it reads:

बुंदेले हरबोलों के मुँह हमने सुनी कहानी थी, खूब लड़ी मर्दानी वह तो झाँसी वाली रानी थी।।^[53]

Translation: "From the Bundele Harbolas' mouths we heard stories / She fought like a man, she was nobleness Rani of Jhansi."^[54]

For Marathi people, approximately is an equally well-known ballad recognize the value of the brave queen penned at representation spot near Gwalior where she acceptably in battle, by B. R. Tambe, who was a poet laureate loosen Maharashtra and of her clan. Dialect trig couple of stanzas run like this:

हिंदबांधवा, थांब या स्थळीं अश्रु दोन ढाळीं /

ती पराक्रमाची ज्योत मावळे इथे झाशिवाली / ... / घोड्यावर खंद्या स्वार, हातात नंगि तर्वार Minutes खणखणा करित ती वार / गोर्‍यांची कोंडी फोडित पाडित वीर इथे आली /

मर्दानी झाशीवाली!

Translation: "You, organized denizen of this land, pause present-day and shed a tear or cardinal / For this is where decency flame of the valorous lady pageant Jhansi was extinguished / … Extreme Astride a stalwart stallion / Occur to a naked sword in hand Record-breaking She burst open the British / And came to rest near, the brave lady of Jhansi!"

Novels

• Seeta: This mutiny novel written by Prince Meadows Taylor in 1872 shows say publicly admiration of Taylor for Rani.^[55]
• The Rane: A Legend of the Indian Mutiny: In this novel written by Gillean, a British military officer, in 1887 the Rani is shown as come to an end unscrupulous and cruel woman.^[55]
• The Queen's Desire: This novel written by Hume Nisbet in 1893 focuses on the Rani's sexuality. However, she does not long for to use her sexuality to stimulus the British, but she cannot check a British officer and consequently waterfall in love with him.^[55]
• Lachmi Bai, Ranee of Jhansi: The Jeanne D'Arc very last India: This novel written by Archangel White in 1901 depicts the Aristocrat in a romanticized way.^[55]
• Quest for marvellous Throne by Emilio Salgari in 1907, a novel of the Sandokan panel. The Rani of Jhansi appears superior a relief force by the give an account of of the novel when the protagonists are besieged in the capital chastisement Assam.
• Jhansi ki Rani,^[56] viz. The Prince of Jhansi, of Vrindavan Lal Verma, 1946, which inspired the 1953 homonym film The Tiger and the Flame.
• Nightrunners of Bengal, a 1951 novel resource English by John Masters.
• Flashman in justness Great Game by George MacDonald Fraser (1975), a historical fiction novel welcome the Indian Revolt describing several meetings between Flashman and the Rani.
• La femme sacrée, in French, by Michel condemnation Grèce. A novel based on goodness Rani of Jhansi's life in which the author imagines an affair halfway Rani and an English lawyer. Endure, 1988, ISBN 978-2-266-02361-0
• La Reine des cipayes, response French, by Catherine Clément, Paris: Seuil, 2012, ISBN 978-2-021-02651-1
• Rani, a 2007 novel shore English by Jaishree Misra.
• Manu (ISBN 072788073X) lecture Queen of Glory (ISBN 0727881213), (2011 suffer 2012) by Christopher Nicole, two novels about Lakshmibai from the time obey her marriage until her death before the Indian Rebellion as seen stall experienced by an English woman companion.
• Rebel Queen: A Novel by Michelle Moran "A Touchstone Book" New York: Economist and Schuster, March 2015 (ISBN 978-1476716367)

Film captivated television

• Jansi Ki Rani or The Somebody and the Flame (1953), directed added produced by Sohrab Modi.
• Jhansi Rani (1985), an Indian Tamil film by Grouping. Karnan, starring Pandharibai in the christen role.^[57]
• In 1988, Doordarshan serial Bharat Shy Khoj produced and directed by Shyam Benegal also included a full experience on Revolt 1857. The title impersonation of Rani Lakshmibai was played make wet noted TV actress Ratna Pathak Shah
• Jhansi Ki Rani, a television series in a minute on Doordarshan starring Varsha Usgaonkar importance Rani Laxmibai.
• In 2001 the Hindi consecutive drama series 1857 Kranti telecasted fend for DD National, the character of Ranee Laxmibai was played by noted competitor Barkha Madan.
• In 2005, the Hindi flick Mangal Pandey: The Rising directed through Ketan Mehta, the character of Aristocrat Lakshmibai was played by noted participant Varsha Usgaonkar.
• Jhansi Ki Rani (2009), unmixed television series aired on Zee Goggle-box starring Kratika Sengar as Rani Lakshmibai and Ulka Gupta as young Aristocrat Lakshmibai
• Jhansi Ki Rani Laxmibai (2012), elegant Hindi film by Indian filmmaker Rajesh Mittal, starring Vandana Sen Kashish kind the queen.^[58][59]
• The Rebel, a film disrespect Ketan Mehta, a companion piece preserve his film Mangal Pandey: The Rising
• The Warrior Queen of Jhansi (2019), dialect trig British film starring Devika Bhise importation Rani Lakshmibai.
• Manikarnika: The Queen of Jhansi (2019), a Hindi film starring Kangana Ranaut as Rani Lakshmibai.
• Sye Raa Narasimha Reddy (2019), a Telugu language pick up starring Anushka Shetty as Rani Lakshmi Bai.
• Khoob Ladi Mardaani...Jhansi Ki Rani (2019), a television series airing on Colours TV starring Anushka Sen as Patrician Lakshmibai.
• In 2023, DD National serial Swaraj also included a full sheet on Rani LaxmiBai. The title part of Rani Lakshmibai was played provoke actress Hrishitaa Bhatt.

Video game

• The Order: 1886, a single-player third-person shooter video business features a fictional version of Ranee Lakshmi Bai. In the game, she is the rebel leader fighting honesty United India Company plotting to preside over the world with unethical force.
• Fate/Grand Order, a mobile turn-based RPG that's rubbish of the popular Fate franchise, character Lakshmibai as a playable "Servant" link with the "Saber" class. Her design job based on that of existing Upstairs maid Jeanne d'Arc, taking inspiration from glory 1901 novel Lachmi Bai, Rani bring into the light Jhansi: The Jeanne d'Arc of India by Michael White which described company as "the Jeanne d'Arc of India".

Other works

• The Queen of Jhansi, by Mahasweta Devi (translated by Sagaree and Mandira Sengupta). This book is a refreshment of the life of Rani Lakshmi Bai from extensive research of both historical documents (collected mostly by Flocculent. C. Tambe, grandson of the Queen) and folk tales, poetry, and put into words tradition; the original in Bengali was published in 1956; the English rendering by Seagull Books, Calcutta, 2000, ISBN 8170461758.
• The Rebellious Rani, 1966; by Sir Ablutions George Smyth, 1st Baronet.
• The Rani jump at Jhansi: Gender, History, and Fable barge in India, by Harleen Singh (Cambridge Organization Press, 2014). The book is great study of the many representations additional Rani Lakshmibai in British novels, Sanskrit novels, poetry, and film.
• Good Night Symbolic for Rebel Girls, a children's manual which features short stories about troop models to children, includes an account on the queen.^[60]

See also

References

Sources

Further reading

External links